Relationships Between Morphological and Anatomical Characteristics of Durum Wheat (Triticum Durum Desf.) Awns and Yield Under Water Constraint
Keywords:
anatomy, awns, durum wheat, grains yield, water deficitAbstract
There is no doubt that every part of the durum wheat plant (Triticum durum Desf.) has significantly a role in the contribution of grain yield as well as in the tolerance to drought. The aim of this work was to study awns' anatomical and morphological characteristics to analyze their role in yield. Three varieties (INRAT 69, Razzak, Duriac) were studied in an experiment field under irrigated and no-irrigated conditions. At the beginning of the heading stage, three treatments were applied: control, removal of all leaves, and removal of all leaves and awns. Excision of awns showed that these organs play an important role in the elaboration of yield, particularly in water deficit conditions. The role of this organ was more important in the determination of the weight of grains by ear (15.67%) and the thousand grains weight (15.94%) than in the elaboration of grains by ear (4.06%). The anatomical study showed the presence of stomata and three vascular bundles in each awns element. Thus, awns photosynthates will be transferred easily to grains. For this, we noted the importance of this organ in the contribution of yield and the interest in the protection of the cereal culture against diseases that can attack awns at the end of the development cycle.
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