Study of the Effect of Untreated Sewage Discharge on the Characteristics of Seashore Water and Sediment in Zliten City, Western Libya

Authors

  • Ramadan A. Mousa Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Sciences, Alasmarya Islamic University, Zliten, Libya.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59743/jmset.v7i2.23

Keywords:

Wastewater, Chemical and physical properties, Seashore sediments, Zliten

Abstract

The study aimed to analyze a set of water and sediment samples from the beach of the city of Zliten in the area located near the untreated sewage discharge outlet, as well as water samples from distant distances inside the sea and compare them with the results of previous studies in order to know the level of pollution of seawater and sediments in the study area. 10 surface water samples and 17 sedimentary soil samples were collected. Electrical conductivity (EC), pH values, and total dissolved salts (TDS) level of seawater samples were measured. The grain size of sea sediment samples was also determined. Measuring the concentrations of heavy elements in both of them, which are copper, lead, zinc, and cadmium. The results of the study showed that the total dissolved salts ranged between 35.1 and 37.8 g/L in the seawater understudy near the sewage drainage outlet of the seawater. Gradually the farther from the wastewater dumping sites, the electrical conductivity values increased with the increase of the total dissolved salts. The results of the study of the sediments of the beach understudy also showed the gradation of its sand between fine sand and medium sand, where the classification ranges between well-sorted and very good, and the symmetry of the size distribution of beach sediments ranges between negative and positive ridges, which is mostly identical. In general, beach sand in the study area is exposed to different levels of energy, and the concentrations of heavy metals in the beach sediments are polluted with cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc; Its highest values are west of the fishing marina at the meeting of sewage water with seawater, where there is less energy for seawater and relatively fine sediments.

References

أولاً: المراجع باللغة العربية

ابولقمة، نوال علي (2004). النمو السكاني في مدينة الزاوية وأثره على استغلال المياه. رسالة ماجستير جامعة السابع من أبريل، كلية الآداب، الزاوية، ليبيا.

حسن، أحمد، فاضل (1996). هندسـة البيئـة. طـ 1. منشورات جامعة عمر المختار، البيضاء، ليبيا.

العدوي، محمد صادق (2005). هندسة الصرف الصحي (والتحكم في تلوث البيئة). مطبعة الدلتا، منشأة المعارف، الاسكندرية.

درادكة، المهدي خليفة (2000). هيدرولوجية المياه الجوفية ومبادئ في المياه السطحية.منشورات جامعة البلقاء التطبيقية، عمان، الأردن.

حواس، عقاب محمد (2006)، "دراسة ميدانية لتلوث التربة وبعض النباتات بالعناصر الثقيلة في ضواحي مدينة الخمس"، رسالة ماجستير جامعة المرقب، كلية الآداب والعلوم، الخمس– قسم الكيمياء.

عون، أحمد أمحمد محمد، (2002)، الماء: من المصدر إلى المكب، إصدارات الهيئة العامة للبيئة، طرابلس – ليبيا، ص 189.

عمر، محمد أسماعيل، (2010)، معالجة المياه، الطبعة الثالثة، دار الكتب العلمية للنشر والتوزيع، القاهرة – جمهورية مصر العربية، ص 438.

قويدر، منى أمحمد على، (2007)، تأثير مياه الصرف الصحي بالبحر على المياه والاسماك، رسالة ماجستير، قسم الهندسة والعلوم البيئية، أكاديمية الدراسات العليا بجنزور-طرابلس، "2007".

غرايبة، سامح ويحي الفرحان، (2002)، المدخل إلى العلوم البيئية، طـ 4، إصدار (2)، دار الشرق للنشر والتوزيع، عمان – الأردن.

ثانياً: المراجع باللغة الإنجليزية

Abdel-Hamid A. and Gawish M. (1998). Studies on Some Trace Metal Contents of Shrimp and Crab from Mediterranean Shore of Damietta Governorate, Egypt. J. Aquat. Biol & Fish., 4: 47-64.

Adriano D.C. (2001). Trace Elements in Terrestrial Environments, 2nd ed.. Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, USA. .

APHA (American Publication Health Association), (1989). Standard Methods for the Extraction of water and wastewater, 16 and 17th ed., APHA, Washington D.C.

Barcelo J. (1990). Environmental Contamination. 4th International Conference, Barcelona, Spain, October 1990.

Doull J., Klaassen C.D., and Amdur M.O. (1980). Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons, Unit III, pp. 409–466.

ECC (European Communities Council), (2002). Council Directive Concerning the Quality of Bathing Water, 76/160/EEC.

Folk R.L. and Ward W.C. (1957). Brazos River Bar: a Study on the Significance of Grain Size Parameters. J. Sed. Pet., 27: 3–26.

Friedman G.M. (1967). Dynamic processes and statistical parameter compared for size frequency distinction of beach and river sands. J. Sed. Pet., 37: 327-354.

Metcalf L., Eddy H.P., & Tchobanoglous G. (1991). Wastewater engineering: treatment, disposal, and reuse. New York: McGraw-Hill, NY.

Nurnberg H.W. (1977). Potentialities and applications of advanced polarographic and voltammetric methods in environmental research and surveillance of toxic metals. Electrochem J., 22: 935–949.

Ramadan Z.M., Ben Taleb K.S., and Trozosinka A. (1984). Ecological Conditions in the Mediterranean Coastal Zone (Fishery Harbour of Tripoli, Libya). Bulletin of Marine Biology Research Center, 5: 69-106.

Turekian K.K. and Wedepohl K.H. (1961). Distribution of the elements in some major unites of the Earths crust. Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., 72: 175-192.

WHO (1975). REPORT ON THE EFFECT OF POLLUTED WATER ON HUMAN HEALTH, Ch.2, pp. 18 – 21, World Health Organization, Geneva.

Published

2021-12-31

How to Cite

Mousa, R. A. (2021). Study of the Effect of Untreated Sewage Discharge on the Characteristics of Seashore Water and Sediment in Zliten City, Western Libya. Journal of Marine Sciences and Environmental Technologies, 7(2), A 21–37. https://doi.org/10.59743/jmset.v7i2.23

Issue

Section

المقالات