Finite Element Analysis of Free Energy Permanent Magnet Motor Using Solidworks and Finite Element Method Magnetics (FEMM) Software

These days, our environment is getting worse, the emission gas of the non-renewable energy sources such as fossil fuel and coal is the main reason for the current environmental issue. Therefore, the development of new energy sources which is clean and non-polluted to the environment is getting more demand in our world today. The free energy sources such as magnet energy are adaptable in replacing the non-renewable energy sources. A permanent magnetic generator is a free energy instrument that gives off entirely free energy by using the energy stored in permanent magnets. Many researches have been done in this area, but none of which precisely focused in tradeoff of magnetic material in this application. Although plenty of different magnetic materials have been synthesized including nanomagnetic ones, it is not easy to select an optimal magnetic material for a certain technological application due to their properties confliction. In this study, a new design of free energy permanent magnet generator has been developed and significant simulations are being done by using Solidworks and Finite Element Method Magnetics (FEMM) software for simulation modeling in order to tradeoff among magnetic materials in terms of performance. Results show NdFeB 52 MGOe which are very strong magnets made from alloys of rare-earth elements offer an optimum performance around 11,309.734 J per a motor cell and 8 magnets of 28,696.92 size in mm3 for a disk of radius 20cm; however, they are so expensive and in limited supply. Alternatively, strong nanomagnetic materials have synthesized to replace rare-earth-based magnets in different applications.


Introduction
Traditional energy generators continuously consume large amount of fossil fuels that is depleted, emitted in atmosphere and destroy the environment.Therefore, the development of new energy sources which is clean and non-polluted to the environment is getting more demand in our world today.A permanent magnetic generator is a free energy instrument that gives off entirely free energy by using the energy stored in permanent magnets that can be reliably used to replace the traditional ones.Many researches have been done in this area, but none of which precisely focused in tradeoff of magnetic material in this application.Although plenty of different magnetic materials have been synthesized including nanomagnetic ones, it is not easy to select an optimal magnetic material for a certain technological application due to their properties confliction.Rare-earth permanent magnets (e.g.) are very strong magnets made from alloys of rare-earth elements and obviously offer an optimum performance particularly in the permanent magnetic motor application, although they are so expensive and in limited supply.Alternatively, strong nanomagnetic materials have synthesized to replace rare-earth-based magnets in different applications.The main purpose of this paper is to tradeoff among magnetic materials in order to improve performance of free energy magnetic generators.Creating a new design of a permanent magnetic motor is to be considered in this study by using CAD software (Solidworks and FEMM) for simulation.
Gathering energy from the surrounding environment without burning a fuel or coal represents the general definition of the term "Free-Energy".Free energy is coming from the local environment that supply to the system where these free energy is indefinite and perpetual.However, the conventional science contradicts the method of free energy.Conservation of energy law shows that no more output energy can be taken out of a system than the input supplied energy to the system, and this undoubtedly correct fact has not been broken (Kelly, 2010).
Magnetic materials are sorted into the following categories: Ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic ferrimagnetic, diamagnetic, and paramagnetic materials.This classification is based on the behavior of magnetic material when they exposed to an external magnetic field.As a result of the magnetic field exposure, a net magnetic moment at the atomic level that opposes the applied magnetic field is generated.Alignment, interaction and coupling those magnetic moments as a response to the applied field, determine how weak or strong the magnetic material is.For instance, the coupling of the net magnetic moments is weak in case of paramagnetic materials, whereas it is a strong coupling at ferromagnetic.Regions of coupling called domains of the net magnetic moments are spontaneously aligned parallel or antiparallel to one another and consequently set the magnetic properties of the material (Furlani, 2001).
The addition of 5% copper to Permalloy which is an easily magnetized and demagnetized alloy results in an alloy called MU-Metal.Commercially, 2% Cr is also introduced in MU-Metal alloy.Because of its more ductility over Permalloy, MU-Metal can be formed into thin sheets to be used as a protective magnetic shielding of sensitive electronic components from stray magnetic fields (Jiles, 1991).
Finite Element Method Magnetics (FEMM) is an accurate simple and popular software package for simulating and solving both permanent and electromagnetic problems.Linear and nonlinear harmonic low frequency magnetic and magnetostatic problems and linear electrostatic problems could be addressed in 2D planar and 3D axisymmetric (Baltzis, 2010).

Methodology
Several procedures and methods were used in this study in order to come out with a successful self-rotating free energy motor based on permanent magnets.A simulation and modeling were done for a new design of the motor by using Solidworks and FEMM software in three successive steps, designing, SolidWorks drawing, and FEMM simulation.The motor design was created based on repulsive forces between trapezoidal cross-section magnets (Figure 1.a) that reversely arranged in circular pattern on a movable and stationary disks as shown in Figure 1b and Figure 1c respectively.A Solidworks drawing and assembly of the design displayed in Figure 1d which consists of one stationary and two movable disks concentric in a shaft, and a ball bearing fixed in the stationary disk center to allow the shaft movement.This assembly represents a cell of the design that could be linearly repeated.The trapezoidal shape of magnets enables the movable disks to rotate in the same direction under the repulsion effect of stationary disk magnets as simply clarifying in Figure (2).MU Metal was proposed in the design in order to shield magnets and prevent unneeded interactions between magnets during rotation.Trapezoidal shapes were drawn for convenience by using Solidworks 2012 in spite of they could be done on FEMM with many steps which would be time consuming.Figure (3) shows a sample of trapezoidal shape was drawn by using Solidworks 2012, which is a magnet placing in a medium of air saved in DXF file format (FEMM supported).A magnetic material's type from FEMM materials library had been simulated at different contact angles (Φ) and at constant separation distance (Ds) and depth (D) (Figure 2) so as to calculate the optimum contact angle at which the horizontal repulsive force component was maximum.Then at the optimum found contact angle and a constant depth, a magnetic material's type from FEMM materials library was simulated at different separation distances in order to display the horizontal repulsive force component changes.Furthermore, the horizontal repulsive force component had been simulated at the optimum contact angle and separation distance of different depths.Then it was repeated for three different crosssectional areas of magnets.Moreover, it had been simulated at the same optimum conditions and at different cross-sectional areas of magnets.Then it was repeated for three different depths.Finally, all magnetic materials of FEMM materials library were simulated at the optimum found conditions to present the horizontal repulsive force component alterations.
The calculated repulsive force between magnets during rotation does not act suddenly and once a time; however, it takes place once the magnets start contacting.It gradually reaches its maximum value when the magnets become at a completely contact position, and then it decreases in the same way as magnets are rotating away from each other.The increasing and decreasing relations pattern had been estimated and based on which the cumulated value of the horizontal repulsive force component was calculated.
The work done in rotational displacement was computed by using the following formula: Where (T) is the Torque (N⋅m) which is generated by a couple of horizontal repulsive force components (2Fx) multiply by the movable disk radius (r), and (θ) is step angular (2), where (n) is number of angular displacements or couples.
The motor cells could be linearly repeated to gain more energy by multiplying the acting force couples on both of the movable disk sides as illustrates in Figure (2).Eqn. ( 2) calculates the work done on one side of the movable disk.Therefore, the work done acting on both sides was duplicated and estimated in relation to number of cells.

Results
Findings obtained from the simulation and modeling were displayed, analyzed and discussed in this part of the study.Even though both of the repulsive force components have been simulated, the vertical one was provided as annexes data.Labeling of a trapezoidal shape dimensions represents the cross-sectional view of magnets under consideration is shown in Figure (2).The (Φ vs. Fx) variation results summarized in Table (1).Figure ( 5) provides an overview of the optimum (Φ) simulation results at which (Fx) was maximum.Besides, the (Ds vs. Fx) simulation results were listed in Table (3) presents (Fx) and (Fy) values at various (L) for three multiples of (D), which were graphically illustrated in Figure ( 6). Figure ( 7) shows a sample of the results in which (Fx) was the highest than others.Furthermore, Table (4) outlines (Fx) variation due to (M) changing for three multiples of (D) that were graphically displayed in   with M at multiples of D x Variation of F . Figure 8 vs. M results provided as a sample x Overview of the highest F . Figure 9 Table (5) outlines the results of (Fx) and (Fy) for various magnetic materials available in FEMM software's materials library.The cumulative (Fx) was calculated under some considerations of double-sided shield which results in diminishing (Fx) to approximately zero at a and b positions shown in Figure (13).Position m represents fully contact situation between magnets at which (Fx) is maximum.Figure ( 14) presents an estimation drawing of (Fx -x) relation, where x is the traveling distance associated to the movable magnet.The relationship supposed to be linear as observed from previous results.Estimation of (F .Figure 14 The analysis calculations had been divided into two parts: Traveling through points a and m was the first part of the analysis.The Incremental relationship of this part is expressed in the following formula: The linear relationship of this part can be formulated as the following: Thus; Fx - The linear relationship of this part can be expressed as follows: The derivative of Eqn.(10) was determined in order to express dFx, Therefore, the total cumulative Fx (Eqn.13) can be stated as; It is worth to say that both Eqns.(7 and 12) yield the same value of the cumulative Fx due to symmetry.
Torque (T) and work done (W) were calculated for NdFeB 52 MGOe at the same simulated optimum parameters.First of all, the relation of (Fx -x) was graphed (Figure 15) under some assumptions had been taken which were Fx= 10 N at both positions (x= 0 and x= 37.66 mm).Then C1 and C2 were calculated as 10 and 156 respectively.The total cumulative Fx in this case was calculated by using the simulation results and substituting into Eqn.( 13

Discussion
A steady increase in (Fx) value as the input value of (Φ) increases until reached its peak at (Φ = 109.7 0 ) to fall after that at approximately the same rate.It is worth to say that there is no (Fx) when (Φ) is equal to zero, and it starts to appear at any further values of (Φ).The simulation results obtained under some dimensional constrains of (L), (M) and (Ds) whereas (S) was free to change as (Φ) changes had taken place.Therefore, the magnet's size was subjected to decrease throughout the simulation and that could be the reason behind the subsequent falling of (Fx).As can be seen, (Fx) decreased drastically when (Ds) had been gradually increased.The simulation had been initially carried out at (Ds = 1mm) as a starting point, and (Fx) was maximum at this point.However, its value would obviously be larger at any value of (Ds) smaller than 1mm.interestingly, (Fx) was linearly related to (L) and almost irrelevant relation whatever the depth changes had been made.However, (Fx) increased linearly as (M) had gone up at all the simulated values of depth.Moreover, the analysis and simulation indicate that a substantial rise in (Fx) observed whenever the changes in depth had been carried out.The results state that Neodymium and Samarium-cobalt magnets performance was the best comparing with other types.Nevertheless, these results are limited only on the available magnetic materials in the materials library of FEMM software.Other magnetic materials could be added to the library and shown close results.Regarding to shielding, the findings were quite unexpected and suggest that whenever the thickness of MU Metal in case of single-sided shield increases, (Fx) increases whereas (Fy) remains constant.
The reason behind could be the additional repulsive force that introduced in the shielded side of the stationary magnet as a result of increasing flux density.The same goes for the case of double-sided shield with a small difference of (Fy) values that slightly alter comparing with (Fx) due to the size of magnet's poles difference.Nevertheless, the saturation situation seems to be achievable at MU Metal thickness in the range of 5 to 10 mm for both cases of shielding.The results show a substantial energy could be obtained by repeating the cells in a linear pattern; however, more expected energy would be gained at larger magnet's size and disk's radius.Furthermore, angular velocity and acceleration can be calculated when specifying materials.

Conclusion
It is the time to renew primary energy sources toward sustainability for a clean environment.Many alternatives around the world could be investigated to be high performance energy sources.Besides well-known renewable energy sources such as wind, solar, and hydropower, free energy sources such as perpetual motion machines and permanent magnetic motors might be good choices.Although an excessive work has been done in this area, a few reached satisfactory outcomes.Investigation and simulation of the new design proposed in this research by taking into account types of magnetic materials show a gigantic energy could be obtained by using small permanent magnets.In addition, the produced energy might be multiplied to get huge values by increasing number of cells and the size of magnets.However, neodymium magnets which are so expensive provided optimal simulation results.Hence a conflict arises within their availability and supplementary.

FiniteFigure 1 .Figure 2 .
Figure 1.3D rendering of the model and its main components

Figure 3 .
Figure 3. Representation of DXF file format

Figure 4 .
Figure 4. Showing the final result of the repulsive force components

Finite
Element Analysis of Free Energy Permanent Magnet …………………… Faculty of Marine Resources, Alasmarya Islamic University, Libya.radians.Eqn.(1) is valid for the work done finding of a force couple per an angular displacement step, whereas the design configuration shows eighth ones were allocated one force couple to each one-eighth of the disk circumference (Figure2).A modified equation of the aforementioned work done formula was generally expressed in Eqn.
Figure (8).The highest simulated value of (Fx) was shown as a sample in Figure (9).
Figure (10) shows the graphical results of neodymium magnets.Moreover, NdFeB 52 MGOe was simulated at (D= 25.4 mm, Ds= 1 mm, Φ= 109.70,L= 60 mm, and M= 40 mm) of single-sided and double-sided shielding using MU metal with different thickness from 5 mm up to 26 mm.Figures (11 and 12) were displayed as samples of single and double sided shielded magnets respectively.

Figure 13 .
Figure 13.Representation of the movable magnet positions while movement differential segments (dx) after which Fx increases incrementally by a differential value equals dFx.Therefore;Finite Element Analysis of Free Energy Permanent Magnet …………………… Faculty of Marine Resources, Alasmarya Islamic University, Libya.
. (5 and 6) into Eqn.(4) and taking the limited integration of the found formula, an expression of the first part cumulative Fx (Eqn.7) is derived as; m and b was the second part of the analysis.The decremental relationship of this part is expressed in the following formula: dx differential segments after which Fx gradually decreases by a differential value equals dFx.
. (10 and 11) into Eqn.(9) and taking the limited integration of the found formula, an expression of the second part cumulative Fx (Eqn.12) is derived as; ) as 4500 N. By substituting this value into Eqn.(2), T and W can be expressed in terms of the radius (r) as, W= 2 × 4500r × 8 Work done was estimated in relation with number of the motor cells under assumption of (r = 20cm).The results were summarized in Table (6), and graphically illustrated in Figure (16).

Table 3
Faculty of Marine Resources, Alasmarya Islamic University, Libya.E-54ISSN (Print): 2413-5267 ISSN (Online): 2706-9966 results provided as a sample vs. L x Overview of the highest F .Figure 7

Table 6 .
Work done calculations vs. number of the motor cells