JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCES & ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGIES Vol. 2, Issue No.1 (June-2016)

Quartz cement is the most important cementing agent in the Upper Nubian Sandstone reservoir within the Hameimat trough, SE Sirte Basin. Determining the timing and paleo-pore fluid compositions is important in order to understand the reservoir quality of the Upper Nubian succession. Fluid inclusions microthermometry study, using modified U.S.G.S. gas flow heating/freezing stage system, together with basin modeling was carried out to determine the time of quartz cementation and paleo-pore fluid compositions. Fluid inclusions study results give a precipitation temperature range of silica cement as 115 ̊C-128 ̊C. Investigation of these temperature with a burial history curves indicate onset of quartz overgrowth cementation was in Late Palaeocene probably from through flow of silica enriched pore fluid. Tice and Teu measurements indicate that these were complex brines.


Introduction
Fresh water snails are widely known to be hosts in the life cycles of variety of human and animal parasites, particularly trematodes or flukes (Chandker, 1961). Fresh water gastropods of Libya. So the study of malacofauna in the beginning of last century surveys were performed by the Italian biologists during the occupations period, most of their findings were correlated with the epidemiology of intestinal and urinary schistosomiasis (Gambetta, 1925). Biomphalaria alexandrina serves as an intermediate host for S. mansoni (Taha et al., 2004). B. Alexandrina this species occur in Egypt and Middle east (Bakry, 2009). Melanoides tuberculata is native to subtropical and tropical northern Africa and southern Asia (Benson, 2008). Physa acuta this species occur in Mediterranean regions and more slowly into northern Europe (Yousif et al., 1998).
The main purpose of this study is to accommodate the snails prepare them for the experimental a work, also to serve as a depository if needed in future especially in harsh, environmental conations, and to study their reproductive and distribution in artificial environment and the possibility of their infection with the parasites.

Materials and Methods
To study the ability of snails (Melanoides tuberculata & Biopha laria alexandrina & Physa acuta ) for growth and reproduction, the following steps used to prepare the investigation: A number of 15 -20 live healthy with different size Snails are captured from Tauergha as lake. The live Snails were placed in plastic aquarium provided with pores for ventilation. Snails are kept without water or provided with small quantity of the Lake is water. Also, a thin layer of sand x some small stones are added to the aquarium. The aquarium is provided with an electrical tool to provide oxygen through aeration of the water. Figure (1) small pieces of lettuce x cucumber are added frequently to the aquarium to serve as a source of food for the snails as shown in Figure (2).
Three aquaria are used to avoid overcrowding of the snails. Aquaria are placed in room temperature (20-30 o C) and in the shade to ovoid direct sun rays.

Results
The snail species of P. acuta is more adaptive for life in captivity when kept in aquaria for period of time from one month to one year. The M. tuberculata snails are able to reproduce but with a less degree than P. acuta when water from lake Tauorgha.
Tap water is added to the aquaria, P. acuta continued to live in the artificial environment for less than three months. When B. alexandrina is used in those artificial environment with the same previously described condition , it did not make it in tap water for more than one month and reproduced by a limited capacity. The conclusion of this investigation is that P. acuta snails are the most resistant to the artificial conditions with more observable reproductive ability while M. tuberculata has less ability that of P. acuta, but B. alexandrina survived those artificial environment conditions for few days. It has been observed that M. tuberculata is the widely distribute snail in the main lake or in the peripheral branches B. alexandrina is less widespread, this reflects what had happened in previously described experiment.

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ISSN: 2413-5267 followed by the large sized snails (9.1%). The smallsized snails were the lowest range of infection (5.8 %).  Reference: Iron steel complex laboratory - (Peky, 2013) Percentage of cases of infection with the larval stage of S. mansoni in small, medium, largesized snails were 11.6, 31.6, and 22.5 % respectively. Notice that the highest percentage of infection was among the mediumsized snails B. alexandrina as shown in Figure (1).

Discussion
Lives in fresh water rivers streams, lakes, ponds and swaps. P. acuta is frequently founds in anthropogenic reservoirs occurring in warm water discharges from power stations and in some rivers, but very rarely and not numerously in clay pit ponds it can survive well under Elsreite, 2016 Faculty of Marine Resources, Al-Asmarya Islamic University, Libya.

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ISSN: 2413-5267 temporary brash conditions (extreme) temperature and water pollution as long as they are short lived with a less degree than P. acuta (Semenchenko et al., 2008).
M. tuberculata is known to carry parasites which can be dangerous to humans these snail serve as first intermediate host for parasites (Wingard et al., 2008). Also, in Libya B. alexandrina snails 25 (50%) were found naturally infected withFasciola spp. and S., mansoni (Mabruka, 2007).
Fresh water snails are widely known to be hosts in the lifecycles of a variety of human and animal parasites particularly trematodes or (fluks) Biomphalaria serving as hosts for S. mansoni, Fasciolopsis and other parasitic groups.
Red-rimmed melania females are both pathogenic and oviparous females can be recognized by their greenish colored gonads while nakes have reddish gonads. Under goods conditions, females will produce fertilized eggs that transferred to a brood paunch where they remain until hatch. M. tuberculatus has 1-64 embryos in its brood paunch. Snails will begin reproducing at size small as 5mm or 10 mm in length and broods may contain over seventy off spring (iteroparity) (Appleton et al., 2009). M. tubereulatus is known to carry certain parasites, e.g. (paragonimus westermani. Haplorchis sp.) (GCRL, 2005). P. acuta was the only survived snails in habitat which attained as a minimum total poor habitat was harbored by only few snails species (El-Kayat et al., 2011). Habitat characteristics for different fresh water snail species as determined biologically thought macro-invertebrate information. Hysidea are the most abundant and widespread of the fresh water gastropods occurring in a variety of fresh water habitats such as ditches , ponds, lakes, small streams and rivers. The bonded physa occurs in Ontario, Canada and the Great lake states of US and is most abundant on hard surfaces and aquatic water vegetation. (FWM, 2013).