CBD-Grown Ag2O Nanoparticles: A Smart Antibacterial Shield
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59743/jbs.v39i2.351Keywords:
Silver Oxide Nanoparticles, Chemical Bath Deposition, Antibacterial ActivityAbstract
The growing demand for cost-effective and environmentally friendly antimicrobial nanomaterials highlights the need for scalable synthesis techniques for silver-based oxides. However, conventional fabrication methods such as hydrothermal and precipitation routes often involve complex procedures and limited scalability. In this work, silver(I) oxide (Ag₂O) nanoparticles were synthesized on glass substrates using a chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique. Hexamethylenetetramine (HMTA) and silver nitrate (AgNO₃) were employed as precursors, with the deposition carried out at 95°C for 3 hours, followed by annealing at 200°C to enhance crystallinity. The structural, morphological, compositional, and optical properties of the synthesized films were investigated using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FES2EM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and photoluminescence (PL) analysis. The obtained results confirm the successful formation of Ag₂O nanostructures with nanoscale features and defect-related optical activity. The presence of surface and intrinsic defects suggests potential functionality in catalytic and antibacterial applications. The antibacterial performance of the prepared samples was evaluated using the agar well diffusion method against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The findings indicate that Ag₂O nanoparticles exhibit promising antimicrobial behavior, making them suitable candidates for applications in antimicrobial coatings, catalysis, and energy-related devices.
Downloads
References
[1] R. Dhir et al., “Plant-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles: unlocking their pharmacological potential–a comprehensive review,” Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol., vol. 11, p. 1324805, 2024.
[2] S. Muhammad et al., “Synthesis of silver oxide nanoparticles and its antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, and immunomodulatory activities–A review,” Acta Sci. Appl. Phys., vol. 3, no. 7, 2023.
[3] J. O. M. Bockris, A. K. Reddy, and M. Gamboa-Aldeco, Modern Electrochemistry 2A: Fundamentals of Electrodics, Springer, 2000.
[4] J. Liu et al., “Development of green chitosan/gelatin coating reinforced with photothermal ZnO nanoparticles for light-responsive antibacterial packaging application,” Xiaoying, 2021.
[5] B. El-Ghmari, H. Farah, and A. Ech-Chahad, “A new approach for the green biosynthesis of silver oxide nanoparticles Ag₂O: characterization and catalytic application,” Bull. Chem. React. Eng. Catal., vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 651–660, 2021.
[6] B. Han, “Silver based catalysts for the selective oxidation of cyclic hydrocarbons under mild conditions,” Ph.D. dissertation, Univ. Sheffield, 2021.
[7] M. K. Rai et al., “Silver nanoparticles: the powerful nanoweapon against multidrug-resistant bacteria,” J. Appl. Microbiol., vol. 112, no. 5, pp. 841–852, 2012.
[8] S. Ahmed et al., “A review on plants extract mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles for antimicrobial applications: a green expertise,” J. Adv. Res., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 17–28, 2016.
[9] H. Pathan and C. Lokhande, “Deposition of metal chalcogenide thin films by successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method,” Bull. Mater. Sci., vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 85–111, 2004.
[10] L. P. Guamán et al., “Green synthesis of silver oxide nanoparticles from Mauritia flexuosa fruit extract: characterization and biodiversity assessment,” 2024.
[11] A. Abuelsamen et al., “Effects of precursor concentrations on the optical and morphological properties of ZnO nanorods on glass substrate for UV photodetector,” Superlattices Microstruct., vol. 111, pp. 536–545, 2017.
[12] W. H. Bragg and W. L. Bragg, “The reflection of X-rays by crystals,” Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. A, vol. 88, no. 605, pp. 428–438, 1913.
[13] O. F. Farhat et al., “Morphological and structural characterization of single-crystal ZnO nanorod arrays on flexible and non-flexible substrates,” Beilstein J. Nanotechnol., vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 720–725, 2015.
[14] B. Cullity, Elements of X-ray Diffraction, Hsin Yueh, 1986.
[15] M. Deepty et al., “XRD, EDX, FTIR and ESR spectroscopic studies of co-precipitated Mn–substituted Zn–ferrite nanoparticles,” Ceram. Int., vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 8037–8044, 2019.
[16] A. S. Gungure et al., “Studying the properties of green synthesized silver oxide nanoparticles in the application of organic dye degradation under visible light,” Sci. Rep., vol. 14, no. 1, p. 26967, 2024.
[17] M. I. Shaalan et al., “In vitro assessment of the antimicrobial activity of silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles against fish pathogens,” Acta Vet. Scand., vol. 59, no. 1, p. 49, 2017.
[18] M. Niakan et al., “Antimicrobial effects of zinc oxide and silver nitrate nanoparticles on S. aureus, A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa,” J. Basic Clin. Pathophysiol., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 27–30, 2019.
[19] A. S. Rodrigues et al., “Advances in silver nanoparticles: a comprehensive review on their potential as antimicrobial agents and their mechanisms of action elucidated by proteomics,” Front. Microbiol., vol. 15, p. 1440065, 2024.
[20] S. V. Gudkov et al., “Ag₂O nanoparticles as a candidate for antimicrobial compounds of the new generation,” Pharmaceuticals, vol. 15, no. 8, p. 968, 2022.
[21] A. Saka et al., “Investigating antibacterial activity of biosynthesized silver oxide nanoparticles using Phragmanthera Macrosolen L. leaf extract,” Sci. Rep., vol. 14, no. 1, p. 26850, 2024.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Basic Sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
