Journal of the Academic Forum

Work conditions and social affairs in Libya 1952 - 1959

2024-03-19T13:44:40+00:00

The labor and social affairs system is one of the systems that society relies on to provide job opportunities and guarantee workers’ rights during their work .and after their retirement. Social affairs are an important tributary of community support through the social security system, which regulates it, regulates its legal legislation, subscriptions and management , and provides security services, government .subsidies, and health care. The research presents the efforts of the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs in this field and the conditions that existed in the system of labor and social .affairs before its introduction

THE LIBYAN GOVERNMENT SUPPORT FOR AGVICLTURAL AND PASTORAL ACTIVITY IN THE CITY OF ZLITEN DURING THE ROYAL ERA (1951_1969)

2024-03-19T14:18:10+00:00

Agriculture and livestock are the main source of the economy of Libya in the royal era especially in the stage before the emergence of oil and the start of its export and a city whose residents depended on this economic aspect to achieve self- sufficiency and as it represented a labor market for the workforce in the seasons of plowing and harvesting or in grazing and here it was necessary to the government has to pay attention to this economic activity as it sought to provide all available possibilities to help farmers and animal owners so it provided pumps encouraged rural residents to stay in their areas and not migrate to cities and established agricultural roads to facilitate the process of transferring agricultural crops it also announced the farmers from the taxes they risked whether were agricultural or animal taxes on the livestock side it embarked on a project to distribute feed to breeders to help them raise animals in the dry seasons especially since the city pastures depended on rain and it also dug many drinking wells for animals in the citys pastures diseases that infect animals.

A Field Study of Basic Education Schools in Abu Salim Municipality Examines the Role of Social Services in Improving the Educational Process from the Perspective of Middle School Social Workers.

2024-03-20T04:33:00+00:00

The educational system is an important tool in protecting the physical, social and psychological health of pupils if it is presented in an integrated manner. The safe and stable environment is available in the period of war, health crises and epidemics. The educational system helps pupils to restore dignity, self-confidence and hope by providing organized and supportive activities in building pupils' cognitive, social and psychological skills. This study highlights the reality of psychosocial support in educational institutions, which is highlighted by the social worker's efforts to raise the level and educational competence of students.

THE INTERNATIONALIZATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS BETWEEN OF THE CONCEPT AND THE BASIS

2024-03-20T04:57:22+00:00

Internationalization of human rights is an important process for promoting and ensuring protection of rights and freedoms at the international level, it is respected and implemented throughout the world , with national constitutions committed to conforming to their constitutional provisions in the international human rights system; Because these rights are of great importance in achieving international peace and security and measuring the extent of a state's democracy, the internationalization of human rights requires cooperation and interaction between states and organizations. International and civil society through the adoption of a strong international legal framework that achieves tangible progress in the field of human rights. Human rights and promoting awareness and education about human rights and their importance.

THE PREDICATE RULE IS LIKE LOOKING AT IT OR NOT AND ITS APPLICATIONS ARE NEGATIVE

2024-03-20T13:36:03+00:00

The research talked about applications for a new rule, which is whether news is like looking or not, and its meaning is whether news takes the place of seeing or not. So the research came to mentioning its applications negatively in all branches of jurisprudence, and the sayings of jurists on every issue, and their evidence on these issues, considering that the researcher has discussed its applications positively. In previous research, the researcher used the descriptive approach on the one hand, and the inductive approach on the other hand. In order to bring a new jurisprudential rule into existence, this research has been divided into four topics: The first is about its application in acts of worship, the second is about its application in sales, the third is about its application in exchange, and the fourth is about its application in testimony. This research concluded with a number of results: the most important of which is the application of this rule to various sections of jurisprudence, and its most positive application to issues of jurisprudence. Research is still ongoing on its application, both positively and negatively. The researcher has recommended the need to search for other applications of the rule, both negatively and positively.

THE LEVEL OF ALTRUISM AMONG EDUCATIONAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCES FACULTY MEMBERS AT THE ASMARIYA ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY IN ZLITEN

2024-03-20T13:59:55+00:00

The research aimed to identify the level of altruism among members of the teaching staff of educational and psychological sciences in the faculties of the Asmariya Islamic University in Zliten, and to identify statistically significant differences in their level of altruism, which are due to the variables of gender, years of experience, academic qualification, and academic degree. The entire research community, numbering (49), was studied. ) member, and the research tool was the questionnaire prepared by the researcher Ibtisam Rashid Hassan Al-Yazji, and it was judged by the faculty members of the Department of Education and Psychology at the Faculty of Arts at Asmariya University. One of the most important results of the research was that there was a high degree in the level of altruism among the members of the educational and psychological sciences faculty. In the faculties of the Asmariya Islamic University in Zliten, and that there are no statistically significant differences in the level of altruism among the members of the teaching staff of educational and psychological sciences in the faculties of the Asmariya Islamic University in Zliten due to the variables of gender, years of experience, academic qualifications, and academic degrees.

THE TITLE GOES HERE WITH EACH INITIAL LETTER CAPITALIZED

2024-03-20T14:16:37+00:00

The Libyan legislator, in accordance with Article 394 of the Criminal Procedure law, has adopted the theory of justified punishment, according to which the Supreme Court (the court of cassation) is required to correct a judgment and exclude the cassation, despite the suspicion of mistake in applying the law, whenever the penalty imposed was identical to the penalty that should have been imposed, had the error not occurred, because there is no interest in the appeal, and there is no doubt that the provision of this article raises a legal problem, as it addresses a controversial issue related to the balance between the right to appeal and the speed of ruling the case on the one hand, and the reconciliation between the susceptibility of the judgment that is in violation of the law, and the availability of interest on the other hand. If the principle is that every mistake in law application opens the door to appeal. Is the theory of justified punishment an exception? And if the motive behind adopting this concept is to give priority to practical considerations for quickly adjudicated case, does this consideration prevail over the right of the accused to appeal, as well as his interest in a judgment that is consistent with the correct law application? Our research has concluded with the necessity of amending the aforementioned article, so that its application is limited to the case of a material mistake in citing the text, without extending this to cases of error in the law.

The extent of the use of communication skills among faculty mem bers in the College of Physical Education in Faculty of Physical Education, Al-Zaytouna

2024-03-20T14:33:36+00:00

study aimed to identify the extent of the use of communication skills among faculty members at the Faculty of Physical Education, Al-Zaytouna University, and the impact of this on the production of academic courses and to find differences between them according to years of experience and academic qualification. The descriptive method was used using the survey method for its suitability and the nature of the research problem. The researcher targeted a research sample consisting of (44) A faculty member (88%) of the total research community. The study sample was selected by a simple random method, and a questionnaire application was prepared after reviewing the literature and studies related to the research topic. This helped in selecting many paragraphs about the process of administrative and educational communication in colleges. Physical education (Khaled Laykh, 2012), the degree of practice of educational communication for university faculty members (Khaled Al-Saud, Ibrahim Al-Khatib, 2020), and the preparation of a questionnaire that included five areas related to the communication skills of university faculty members. The study reached its most important results, which are: It relates to the ranking of the use of their communication skills, as the field (effectiveness of administrative and educational communication) came first with a weighted mean of (3.91) and a relative weight of (78%), according to the responses of the sample members and the hypothetical criterion adopted in the study, because it is one of the concepts and works to convey instructions and directions. Looking at and thinking about students, and obtaining (administrative and educational communication skills) came second, which is an important means of coordinating the efforts of the members of the college with the aim of developing their performance, and the field (obstacles to administrative and educational communication) came in fifth and last place according to the responses of the sample members and with a degree of (hesitant), and this result indicates Most of the college faculty members face obstacles in applying communication skills.

Treatment with resuscitation devices

2024-03-21T00:34:50+00:00

The research aims to find out the Sharia ruling for removing life support devices in light of the texts of the Qur’an and Sunnah and the general rules of Sharia law and its general principles, with this being rooted in externalizing the Sharia ruling on its counterparts from what scholars have stipulated.The researcher followed the inductive approach, with an analysis of some quotes if necessary. The researcher concluded that the general rules of Sharia law when two harms are combined are that the lesser of them is committed, and in the meaning of that is assessing the best of the best, and that it is not permissible to remove life support from someone who is hoped to be cured because he has no money. The hope of life must be given priority over the hopeless in benefiting from life support devices or other medications. spending due to life support devices is permissible to remove them from those who are in desperate need of life, because this involves spending money in vain. It would be better for those who achieve life or hope for it to benefit from it, and that the obligation of consolation with medicine and other things does not prevent taking the fee from whoever is able, provided that there is no unfairness, as was decided. The researcher believes that knowing the hope of life from the hopelessness of life is due to the people of knowledge and expertise, and they are medical professionals alone. As it has been established in jurisprudence: every knowledge is asked about by its people.

Opening Avenues: Legal Evidence and Jurisprudential Models

2024-03-21T04:53:41+00:00

The research generally revolves around explaining the purpose of opening avenues, the relationship between it and blocking them, forbidden and permissible strategies. It aims to answer ,questions such as: Is opening avenues permissible? Does it have legitimate evidence? What are its guidelines? Does it have an impact in reality? The research utilizes methods like induction, description, and comparison, addressing four main points: the concept and its relation to strategies and blocking avenues, the legal evidence supporting opening avenues, the guidelines, and the resulting branches. The research concludes that opening avenues is generally permissible within its guidelines, emphasizing the importance of a knowledgeable scholar considering interests, consequences, priorities, and the current reality in reaching such scholarly conclusions.

Protection of Human Rights: A Comparison between Islamic Sharia and Positive Laws

2024-03-21T12:58:28+00:00

This study aims to compare the protection of human rights between Islamic Sharia and positive laws, highlighting the advancement of Islamic Sharia in endorsing these rights and making them the basis for the social system. Islamic Sharia is distinguished by its comprehensive coverage of all fundamental human rights. On the other hand, positive laws vary in the extent to which they encompass basic human rights, failing to reach the status and value established by Islamic Sharia. Consequently, deficiencies in the implementation of human rights have arisen in some countries, whether Islamic or non-Islamic. This research employs several methods, including the historical approach, which addresses the historical evolution of the concept of human rights through different eras, and the analytical method, which describes and analyzes Sharia texts and positive laws, as well as reviews jurisprudential and legal opinions on human rights. The study concludes with several key findings, most notably that Islamic Sharia preceded positive laws in protecting human rights, encompassing all basic human rights, whether civil and political or economic, social, and cultural.

Effective Communication Skills of Medical Staff and Their Relationship with the Effectiveness of Patient Care

2024-03-21T13:24:35+00:00

The research aims to assess the level of effective communication skills among healthcare professionals and its impact on service effectiveness. The study was conducted on a sample of inpatients at Zliten Central Hospital. The research community included all patients present at the hospital during the data collection period, with a sample size of 65 patients. The research utilized measurement scales for effective communication skills and service effectiveness. The results indicated that the level of communication skills (verbal and non-verbal communication, listening, questioning, self-control, persuasion) and the level of healthcare service effectiveness, including public satisfaction and improvement in health outcomes, were high. The findings also revealed a statistically significant relationship between healthcare service effectiveness and its dimensions (increased patient satisfaction and improved health outcomes) and all aspects of effective communication skills except for the persuasion dimension. Furthermore, the results showed statistically significant gender differences in dimensions of effective communication skills (verbal communication, non-verbal communication, listening), favoring females. However, no statistically significant differences were found between males and females in skills such as questioning, self-control, and persuasion. Additionally, the results indicated statistically significant age-related differences, favoring the younger age group. No statistically significant differences were found in the healthcare service effectiveness dimensions (increased patient satisfaction and improved health outcomes) based on gender. Similarly, no significant differences were observed based on age group.

The role of university professors' classroom management styles on students' achievement

2024-03-21T13:58:58+00:00

Classroom management is one of the most important skills that a university professor should possess. It contributes to creating a positive and effective learning environment, which helps students learn better. Studies have shown that effective classroom management practices have a positive impact on student achievement. When a professor follows effective management practices, it leads to increased student participation in the learning process, improved understanding of the subject matter, and increased academic achievement. This study aims to reveal the role of classroom management practices of the university professor on student achievement. The study used a descriptive analytical approach to collect the necessary data through a questionnaire distributed to a sample of university students. The results of the study showed that there is a statistically significant relationship between classroom management practices and student achievement. The results also showed that positive management practices have a positive impact on student achievement.

The Difficulties That Encounter Monolinguals Compared To Bilinguals In A Second Language Classroom

2024-03-21T14:22:45+00:00

This study reported here focused on the difficulties that monolingual compared to bilingual learner in English language classrooms. It primarily aimed to determine the difficulties that monolinguals in English language learning compared to bilinguals, it also, aimed to establish the difference between these two types of learners, and it concluded with solutions for limiting these differences. The research method used in this research was a mixed method approach, namely qualitative and quantitative. Data collection in this research used quantitative questionnaires and qualitative interviews. The sample selection for this research used a purposive sampling technique. The participants in this research for quantitative data were students whose age ranges from 15 years old in property school to 23 in college. Some of the participants were from Human Sciences College and several others were from a property school called Safwat Almaaref and English teachers who teach at Al Asmariya University. Data was analyzed using SPSS and thematic analysis. The findings of the study revealed that most monolingual English students have difficulties and problems with the overall learning of English, which are due to several factors that delay their process of learning English. The study concluded that bilinguals are better at English language learning because they can code-switch between languages without either language being affected. While monolinguals only rely on their native language. To bridge the gap between bilinguals and monolinguals, monolinguals could get more exposed to the English language and culture.

Criminal liability for the transplantation and transfer of human organs

2024-03-21T14:42:57+00:00

The study dealt with the issue of criminal liability for the transplantation and transfer of human organs in a comparative study, where the problem of the study revolves around stating the criminalization and permissibility of these operations, as the requirement in these operations of a balance between the interests of individuals and giving priority to one over the other, whether these operations are carried out among the living or among the dead, as well as the reference To the problems raised by scientific development that has affected the medical field and the resulting violation of the sanctity of the body, as well as highlighting the ongoing conflict between the human interest in not compromising the integrity of his body and the impermissibility of disposing of his organs and tissues, and what is produced by medical development that benefits human health and life. Through this study, the researcher aims to clarify knowledge of the extent of this crime, its causes, effects, and methods of committing it, as well as to know the position of statutory laws in terms of criminalization and punishment. The requirements and objectives of this study required following the comparative analytical approach by analyzing the texts of the laws criminalizing this crime and comparing them. Among the various legislations and the legal protections they contain. Through this study, we found that as a result of scientific and medical development, some countries tended to permit organ transplantation and rules for this permissibility. In return, some countries tended to criminalize these operations. As it became clear to us, the Libyan legislator stipulated the conditions that must be required to allow medical work, which is the basis for transplanting and transferring human organs, as they are the most important medical works, and that the controls must be based on written permission issued by the patient’s free will, without any financial compensation, and the necessity of providing the purpose of treatment. One of the most important things that the researcher recommends is the necessity of identifying organs that can be implanted, as well as determining the age of majority for performing this operation, looking at its seriousness